Towards A Sociological Understanding of Employee’s Mental Health

既有文献回顾表明,影响员工精神健康的因素遍及工作场所内外,包括组织结构调整、雇佣期限、个人特征、工作场所的暴力和虐待、社会心理的工作条件、社会支持和应对方式等,其中,劳动权益—管理体制构成主要分析维度。而在社会学分析精神健康问题的众多模型中,如行为主义、理性选择和社会生产等,结构—行动是其主要分析维度。基于以上两个维度,本述评试图构建出一个理解员工精神健康的社会学框架。结合现有的中国劳工问题研究,本文指出,劳动权益普遍被侵犯的现实催生了员工的精神健康问题,独特的工厂体制构成员工精神健康问题的根源,流动的劳动力体制造成了员工位置感和归属感的丧失,工会的特殊地位限制了员工改善精神健康环境的可能行动。本文认为,员工精神健康问题的发生是基于劳动力的不确定性的消极的自我保护机制作用的结果。

The literature review indicates that many factors have impact on the employees mental health throughout the workplace inside and outside the workplace， such as employment duration， organizational restructuring， demographic characteristics，workplace violence and abuse，psychosocial working conditions， social support and coping styles. The labor rights and interests-manage system constitutes the main dimension. Structure-agency dimension is found in the sociological models on mental health，such as behaviorism，rational choice and social production. Based on these two dimensions， this review tries to construct a 245 sociological framework of understanding employee’s mental health. Combining with researches on China's labor issues，it argues that the unprotected labor rights and interests has brought about the employee’s mental disorder，characteristic factory regime leads to the problems of employee’s mental health，the migrant labor regime generates the loss of sense of belonging and sense of place，and the special status of ACFTU limits the employee’s possible collective actions for better mental health environment. It also argues that the employee’s mental disorder and illness is the result of passive self-protection mechanism of indeterminacy of labor power. 

郑广怀

教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“农民工权益保护理论与实践研究”(项目编号09JZD0032)的阶段性成果

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