女性受教育程度提升和性别地位演变正在重塑婚育结构。本文利用家庭层面的数据探究夫妻教育匹配模式的队列变化及其对生育的影响。研究发现，传统梯度婚减少，而高学历同质婚和女性向下婚增多，且不同教育匹配模式的夫妻间生育差异显著。在同质婚中，教育与生育呈负梯度关系，高学历夫妇的子女数量和二孩生育概率最低。同时，妻子受教育程度高出丈夫越多，二孩生育概率越小。随着时间的推移，高学历同质婚和女性向下婚的生育劣势逐渐减弱。本研究揭示了性别角色、夫妻相对地位和性别分工变革对生育决策机制的影响，为解析生育趋势和政策制定提供参考。

The rise in womens education and shifts in gender roles have profoundly influenced marriage and childbirth. This paper uses household level data to explore cohort changes in couples educational matching patterns and their impact on fertility. It finds a decrease in traditional gradient marriages and an increase in highly educated homogeneous marriages and female downward marriages, as well as significant differences in fertility across pairs with different educational matching patterns. Among homogeneous marriages, there was a negative gradient relationship between education and fertility, with highly educated couples having the lowest number of children and probability of having a second child. At the same time, the more educated a wife is above her husband, the lower the probability of having a second child. However, the fertility disadvantages of highly educated homogeneous marriages and womens downward marriages weakened over time. The study reveals the impact of changes in gender roles, the relative status of couples and the gender division of labor on the mechanism of fertility decision making, which provides a reference for parsing fertility trends and policy formulation.

本文系国家社会科学基金项目“家庭多主体成员互动影响下的生育决策路径与机制研究”（22BRK030）的中期研究成果。

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