在老龄少子化的时代背景下，中国家庭面临一老一小照顾需求叠加的新图景。本文从三代框架视角出发，采用混合研究方法考察中国城镇家庭照顾资源的代际分配与后果。本文发现，家庭照顾资源存在代际竞争；家庭普遍采取儿童优先原则，对老人仅作危机响应，老人端出现照顾赤字；社会照顾资源无法有效填补家庭老人照顾赤字，家庭存在难以兼顾老与小的焦虑。本文认为，照顾政策的支持不足加剧了儿童端对老人端家庭照顾的资源挤占，应完善政策支持系统，帮助家庭实现养老、养小和工作三者平衡。

In the light of the rapid ageing population with a low fertility rate, Chinese families are challenged with a care deficit. This article examines how Chinese urban families cope with elderly care and childcare at the same time. By adopting a three-generational perspective, this mixed-method study analyzes family care resource distribution and its consequences. It finds that the children are competing with the elderly for family care resources; families give priority to the children and only respond to the needs of the elderly in times of crisis, resulting in a care deficit for the elderly; social care resources cannot effectively fill the family’s elderly care deficit. We argue that the lack of support from care policies has worsened the crowding-out of family care resources for the elderly by the children， calling for developing a supportive policy system that helps families achieve a balance between elderly care, childcare and work.

本文为国家社会科学基金项目《中国老龄社会治理下的积极家庭政策研究》（项目批准号：20BRK034）的阶段性成果。

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