Who Determines “Giving Birth to a Son”:How institution and culture affect women’s fertility choices in social transformation

自1980年中国实施计划生育政策以来，制度与文化成为影响女性生育选择的两个重要因素，使女性生育成为一种“非意愿性”选择。本研究根据计划生育制度与传统生育文化影响力的强弱，将现实社区分为四类：制度影响力强—文化影响力强的强强类型，对应“村改居”社区；制度影响力强—文化影响力弱的强弱类型，对应单位制社区；制度影响力弱—文化影响力强的弱强类型，对应劳动力外流的农村社区；制度影响力弱—文化影响力弱的弱弱类型。本文在四种类型划分的基础上，引入文化社会心理学及新制度主义社会学分析视角，探讨作为内生性的生育文化规范与获致性的生育制度规范的影响效力，以及制度—文化诉求相冲突时个人的行为选择，在现实情境中如何建构出辅助制度实施的新社区文化，以及社会变迁过程中家庭经济水平提升对制度—文化作用效力的影响。

After the implementation of the one-child family planning policy throughout China in 1980, fertility culture and the institution become two important factors that determine women’s fertility selection. In accordance with the influence of the traditional fertility culture and the family planning policy, we divide communities into four types:(1)“Strong institution and strong culture”, corresponding to the village-turned-community;（2)“Strong institution and weak culture”, corresponding to the danwei community;（3)“Week institution and strong culture”, corresponding to the current labour force-drained rural community;（4)“Weak institution & weak culture”.Based on the social psychology of culture and the theory neo-institutionalism in sociology, we explore the influence of the endogenous fertility culture and the achieved family planning policy, how people make choices when facing the conflict between the fertility culture and the institution, how new community fertility culture is constructed to sustain the implementation of the family planning policy, and how the raise of families’ financial status impact on the effect of the institution and culture.

吴莹；杨宜音；卫小将；陈恩

本文是国家社会科学基金一般项目阶段性成果（项目号：B15BSH082）。

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