失业已成为一个值得关注的社会问题。 2001 年底, 我国城镇登记失业率为 3.6 %, 而亚洲发展银行专家组(2002)估算的实际失业率在 12 -15%。失业会给失业者带来各方 面的影响, 除影响身心健康外(Feather, 1990), 还会造成失业者处于多重的社会弱势(social disadvantage) 之中 ,如导致贫穷、排斥出消费市场 、家庭关系紧张 、社会网络分割、排斥出社会福利制度 ,长期失业者甚至可能成为低下阶层(underclass)中的一员, 形成不同于主流社会的生活方式和价值观念(曾群 , 2003)。本文以社会排斥(social exclusion)为概念工具描述和分析失业者所面临的这些社会不利境遇, 并在文献回顾的基础上提出一个相关的分析框架 ,探讨其用于我国失业及其社会后果研究的可能性。

The last decade witnessed the growth of the rate of unemployment in China.Being a vulnerable group , the employed faced social disadvantages as the consequences of unemployment .This paper argued that the multi-dimensional concept of social exclusion could be used to describe these social disadvantages .And , focusing on the process and social actors or agents, the concept of social exclusion urged us to think of the following questions, for example , who excluded the employed from social , economic , political, cultural and institutional spheres of our society and how they made it happen .Based on the review of social exclusion literature mainly in West Europe and North America , the paper formulated an analytic framework linking unemployment , on the one hand , and other dimensions of social exclusion , on the other hand .However, due to the locality of the framework , this paper called for further empirical researches in Chinese contexts to verify , modify and even refute this framework .

曾群,魏雁滨

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