Voluntary and Involuntary Job Mobility and Earnings Inequality in Urban China , 1993 -2000

本文提出了一个关于就业者从国有部门进入市场部门的选择性流动模型,用以阐释前社会主义国家的市场转型如何导致收入不平等的变化。2000年在中国一些城市所做的调查显示,近些年来就业者进入市场是由两种不同的机制所驱动:一些人是自我选择的自愿进入,以求获得更高的经济回报;另一些人则是由于下岗而被推向市场的非自愿进入。其结果使得市场部门从业人员的异质性较之以往显著增加。线性回归分析结果表明,我们通常所观察到的市场部门从业人员收入较高这一现象,仅局限于后期自愿进入者这一社会群体。倾向得分匹配方法进一步揭示出,后期进入市场对个人收入的影响效应与市场进入倾向呈负相关。那些本来就在国有部门干得很好的人,进入市场部门的倾向性较低,然而一旦其选择进入就会获益最多。

This paper proposes a model of selective mobility of workers from the state sector to the market sector to illustrate how the market transition has led to earnings inequality in former state socialist countries .Analysis of the survey data collected in 2000 from ten Chinese cities reveals that recent entrants into the market are driven by two different institutional processes, resulting in a more heterogeneous body of workers in the market sector than before.Linear regression results show that the commonly observed higher earnings in the market sector are limited only to a subgroup of later entrants who enter the sector voluntarily.Propensity score matching analyses further demonstrate that the effect of a late market entry on earnings is negatively associated with the propensity of making such a transition.

吴晓刚

香港研究资助委员会的资助(项目编号:HKUST6424/05H)

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