Studies on Social Organization and Its Kinship System

本文以澳洲亲属称谓系统为起点,考察社会组织与类别式亲属制度在部落社会早期的嵌合关系,论证亲属制度的两个本位:第一本位以外婚制单系继嗣群为亲属合并原则(群间称谓),第二本位以核心家庭为亲属区分原则(个体间称谓)。这两个本位同时也是观察和描述亲属制度的两个视角,欧美人类学在部落社会类别式亲属制度研究中主要采用以核心家庭为本位的表述途径,因此出现合并与区分之间的表述误差(歧义)。在此基础上本文举例分析拉德克利夫-布朗《亲属制度研究》一文的论证失误,通过学术史疏理表明,表述方面的区分与合并是亲属制度研究领域的核心问题,并以不同形式出现于百多年来一系列重要作者的论证和争论中。本文还举例分析了当代人类学入门教材中介绍默多克的亲属制度分类内容,指出其中存在的表述缺陷。这种表述缺陷严重影响了对类别式亲属制度的认知,导致这项研究长期停滞在低水平状态。本文并讨论了改变这种局面的必要性及其途径。 

Begins from Australian kinship terminologies, this paper explores the embedded relationship of social organization and its classificatory kinship terms in the early time of tribal society , and proposesthe two bases of kinship system.One base is on the principle of kinship merging for exogamous and unilateral descent groups (terms between groups), while the other is on the principle of kinship distinction for core family (terms between individuals).The two bases are also perspectives to observe and describe kinship system . In the studies on tribal society ' s classificatory kinship sy stem , the occidental 245 anthropologists had been using core family as the base of their description;therefore bring about the confusion between merging and distinction .A review of relative classic studies demonstrates that the merging and distinction of kinship system is the core question of kinship study , and relevant argument can always be found in important authors' articles in the last century.

张岩

欢迎阅读《社会学研究》！您是该文第2463位读者！