Interests Differentiation and Residents' Participation: The dilemma and theoretical transition of China's urban grass-roots social management

城市基层社会的参与者分为生计型参与者和权责型参与者两类。在基层社会管理实践中,代表国家的权责型参与者与代表社会的生计型参与者内部均存在着利益分化。权责型参与者处于强势地位,可以在部门利益与公共利益之间自由切换；生计型参与者处于弱势地位,相互间的利益冲突却使“社区自治”"陷入需要权责型参与者重新介入才能达成的尴尬境地。中国城市基层社会秩序建构中的“悖论事实”要求我们的理论研究必须转向——从规范理论走向实证理论。

There are two types of participants in China's urban community，namely livelihood participants and power-liability participants． In the practice of grass-roots social management，there is interests differentiation for both livelihood participants and power-liability participants． The power-liability participants are in the dominant position，so they could switch freely between their own interests and public interests． The livelihood participants，however，are in the vulnerable position，and their internal interest conflicts lead “community autonomy” into an awkward dilemma． This kind of paradoxical fact in China's urban grass-roots society implies that our theoretical research must shift from normative theory to positive theory．

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