One-Child Policy and Elderly Migration

20世纪70年代末,中国开始在城镇推行严厉的独生子女政策,如今,独生子女已进入劳动力市场,其父母则进入退休年龄。与高校扩招几乎同步并受过良好教育的独生子女一代,面对一个充分发育的城镇劳动力市场,到其他城市(尤其是大城市)寻找工作岗位已成为常态。由于养老模式尚未发生根本性改变,独生子女父母往往会跟随其子女迁移到目的地城市,使中国的老年人迁移呈现出一个独特现象——流向大城市。目的地城市的老龄人口数量增加给公共物品供给带来了挑战。

At the end of 1970s, the Chinese government enacted the one-child policy, which was strictly implemented in urban areas. Now, those children born under this policy begin to join the labor market, while their parents are retiring. In China's well-developed urban labor market, it's quite normal for the one-child generation, who has received good education with the expansion of China's higher education, to search for jobs in other cities, especially in the big ones. However, China's elderly care model largely remains unchanged, so parents intend to move to destination cities with their children, which illustrates a unique phenomenon of elderly migration in China: moving to big cities. This leads to the increasing number of elderly people in the destination cities and raises challenges to public facilities and services to the local communities.

吴要武

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