The Religions of Emperor, Intellectuals and Peasants: An anthropological study of the histories, myths and metaphors of the divinities inside Jinci 

从北宋到清朝初年,晋祠内圣母、唐叔虞和水母分别作为皇权、儒家官僚和乡民社会各自崇奉的神灵,在祭祀和庙宇修缮上展开了一系列的争夺。本文通过描述这一具体的历史进程,与列文森关于儒教中国中皇权与儒家官僚关系的看法展开对话,提出儒家官僚的春秋理想与皇权的大一统追求之间的张力使这两者不可能在反封建的基础上达成合作,而是应该将乡民社会考虑进来,在宗法制度和丰产祈求的共同主导下看待传统中国的结构。

There had been intense struggles among the three divinities inside the Jinci Temple every time the temple was repaired since the North Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. The Sainted Mother, Tangshuyu and Shuimu was the divinity of the emperor, intellectuals and the peasant society respectively, which were the three major domains of the traditional Chinese society. Different from the approaches of Redfield's great tradition and little tradition and the approach of Weber and Levenson's Confucian China, the author argues that the triangle relationship among the three domains should be considered in analyzing the history of Chinese religion and the construction of the spirit world of Chinese people. The religion of intellectuals is a new and necessary factor for the analysis in this approach, which not only suggests the importance of the Confucian bureaucrat, but also represents the feudal aspect of the folk religion of China.

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