Household Changes in Contemporary China: An analysis based on census data

本文根据1982-2010年人口普查数据分析了我国家庭户变动的趋势,研究结果显示:我国家庭户数量增长迅速、规模持续缩减、结构趋于简化,夫妇核心家庭和二代标准核心家庭分别是升幅最大和降幅最大的家庭类型,尽管核心家庭仍是中国家庭的主要形式,但随着单身户大量增加和扩展家庭维持较大比重,已呈现“核心户为主、单身户与扩展户为辅”的格局。稳定的超低生育率、剧烈的人口迁移、快速的老龄化以及住房条件的改善是我国家庭户变动的最主要动因。此外,随着老龄化的加剧,家庭老龄化和空巢化趋势日益明显,老人独立居住的比重大幅提升,而老人与子女同住比例显著下降,老人独居和多代同堂并列成为我国当前老年人居住安排的两大模式,未来的家庭政策对此应格外重视。 

This paper analyzed China's household changes based on data from China's past four censuses of 1982, 1990, 2000 and 2010. The data showed that there had been a rapid increase in the number of family households, a continued shrinking in household size and a trend of simplification in family structure. The proportions of the one-couple family and the 2-generation standard nuclear family respectively presented the largest rise and the largest fall. Although the nuclear family still occupied the largest proportion, the single-person household was becoming more numerous, and the extended family still maintained a relatively large proportion. The low fertility, population mobility, aging and the improvement of housing condition were among the most significant factors that brought about changes of family and household in China. Besides, with the population aging, families with the elderly and empty-nest families progressively increased. While the proportion of the elderly only family households increased, the share of co-residence of old people living with children declined. Living alone or in the multi-generations families were becoming two major forms of living arrangement of the elderly in China. Future family policy should pay more attention to this phenomenon.

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