Continuity and Change of Intergenerational Relations in Family of Taiwan Region: The interplay of resources and norms

在快速社会变迁下,华人家庭代间关系的持续与改变能相当程度地反映华人家庭动态进程。本文以台湾地区家庭为例,使用“台湾社会变迁调查”资料,从三个方面来探讨20世纪80年代中期以降台湾地区家庭代间关系的发展。本文首先描绘奉养态度和孝道观念作为影响代间关系之核心价值观的长期变迁趋势及其意涵；其次以成年子女为中心,考察其与上一代父母及下一代成年子女间在金钱给予、劳务提供、情感支持上的代间交换模式；最后检视成年子女和父母间之代间交换如何受到个人资源与文化规范及其交互作用之影响。分析证实,父系规范持续实践于台湾地区的家庭代间交换,且性别规范和婚姻状态也以符合父权文化的家庭运作法则而产生重要的影响。

This study examines the intergenerational relations in Taiwan region with three focuses. Using data from "Taiwan Social Change Survey" since the mid-80s, core family values indicated by support attitudes and filial concept are first presented with their longitudinal trend development. The result shows important lineage and generational differences. The second analyses center on the intergenerational exchanges of adult children with their elderly parents as well as with their own adult children. Findings confirm the patriarchal influences with parents being the receiver and children as the provider in intergenerational exchanges. Gender variation points out sons as major provider of financial and physical assistance while daughters as emotional supporter. The last analyses incorporate norms and resources and its interplay in explaining the provision of adult children to their elderly parents. Results support the significant effects of reciprocal filial piety, and the interaction effects further indicate important gender norm influences in that higher normative concept results in sons providing more assistance in financial, physical and emotional aspects, while for daughters, the opposite effect is observed. The paper concludes with a comparison to East Asian societies and to the West by asserting that patriarchal norms must be considered in studying intergenerational relations in Chinese societies.

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