社会科学研究中常常面临地位不一致情况下的效应分解问题，其中社会流动效应的估计最为学界所关注。本文通过梳理社会流动效应测量方法的核心争论和最新进展，系统比较了不同方法在理论假设与模型设定等方面的差异，特别将广泛使用的对角线参照模型与新近提出的流动对照模型进行了比较。利用模型推导、模拟数据和现实数据分析，本文指出流动对照模型对传统方法的批评在理论和方法上都存在较大误区。基于此，本文提供了依据理论与现实情境选择适当方法的具体思路，并总结了方法应用过程中应当遵循的原则和需要注意的问题。

Social science studies often encounter the challenge of decomposing effects in the presence of status inconsistency, with a particular focus on estimating the effects of social mobility. This paper systematically compares different methods in terms of theoretical assumptions and model specifications by reviewing key debates and recent developments pertaining to the estimation of social mobility effects. Specifically, it compares the widely used Diagonal Reference Model with the recently introduced Mobility Contrast Model. Through model derivation and the analysis of conducted on simulated and real data, this paper points out that the criticisms of the Mobility Contrast Model against traditional methods contain significant misconceptions in theories and methods. Based on this, this paper provides specific approaches to choosing appropriate methods according to theoretical and realistic contexts. It also summarizes the guiding principles and considerations that should be taken into account when applying these methods.

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