任务型组织因特定任务而生，具有临时性和易变性。本文关注的核心问题即什么因素导致了任务过程中组织形式的选择与变迁。本文采用个案研究的方法，考察了A市在长达20年的任务周期里推进城镇化任务所采取的传统科层制、任务型组织和任务型组织科层化三种组织形式。本文以任务为解释视角，具体界定任务的纵向属性、横向属性和动态属性，以任务属性的组合变迁解释组织变迁。本文认为，任务型组织是政府针对任务激励、任务复杂性和新任务的组织回应，这是中国改革开放以来科层制演变的一种现实途径。

Adhocracy organizations are born out of specific tasks and are ad hoc and changeable in nature. The key issue of this paper is what factors lead to the choice and change of organizational forms in the task process. Using a case study approach,this article examines the organizational forms adopted by City A to advance the urbanization task over a 20-year-long task cycle: traditional bureaucracy, adhocracy, and adhocracy bureaucratization. In theory, the task is taken as the explanatory perspective, and the vertical, horizontal and dynamic attributes of the task are specifically defined to explain the organizational changes by the combination of the task attributes' changes. This article argues that adhocracy organizations are the government's organizational response to task incentives,task complexity,and new tasks, which is the core driving force behind the evolution of bureaucracy in China since the reform and opening up.

管兵、罗俊

本文为教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“新时代城乡社区治理体系建设研究”（20JZD029）、华南理工大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助成果。

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