在费孝通著述中，“乡土”既是作为对象的显性存在，亦是作为方法的隐性存在。前者饱受关注，而后者尚待阐发。本文认为，作为方法的乡土包括两个层面：一是在规范层面，以乡土所孕育的中国文明为价值基准由内而外地想象和擘画世界理想图景；二是在经验层面，以村落、街集和乡镇所构成的乡土为经验基地自下而上地观察和理解中国现实图景。由内向外和自下而上相互交织，共同构成理解中国的内在视野。

In Fei Xiaotong's writings, "native soil” is both an explicit existence as an object and an implicit existence as a method. The former has received much attention, while the latter has yet to be elucidated. This article argues "native soil” as a method includes two levels: First, at the normative level, the Chinese civilization nurtured by "native soil” is used as the value benchmark to imagine and draw the ideal picture of the world "from the inside out"; second, at the empirical level, the" native soil” of villages, marketplaces and townships is used as a base of experience to observe and understand the reality of China from the bottom up. The "inside-out" and " bottom- up": approaches are intertwined and together form an inner vision for understanding China.

陈占江

本文系浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“费孝通儒学思想的演进与转折研究”（21NDJC054YB）的阶段性成果。

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