地方政府的自主性是基层有效治理的关键。已有文献对地方政府发挥自主性的讨论聚焦于非正式制度路径，对正式制度路径的考察相对不足。近年来基层民政部门在“重错保、轻漏保”的监管压力下选择收缩自主性，导致低保治理目标的实现出现不平衡。以A省为例，本研究发现，部分地方民政部门基于正式制度路径发挥自主性，将特殊困难对象纳入低保并形成基于正式规则的自我保护功能，在规避问责风险的同时实现有效治理。

The autonomy of local governments is the key to effective governance at the grassroots level, but the existing literature has focused on the informal institutional paths for local governments to exercise autonomy, and there is a relative lack of examination of the formal institutional paths. In recent years, local civil affairs departments have chosen to reduce their autonomy under the regulatory pressure of “emphasizing wrong coverage over missing coverage”, resulting in an uneven achievement of the governance goal of dibao. Based on the case of Province A, this article finds that some local civil affairs departments have exercised their autonomy based on the formal institutional path to include special hardship cases and formed a self protection mechanism based on formal rules to achieve effective governance while avoiding accountability risks.

本文为国家社会科学基金青年项目“数字社会中社会救助兜底和赋能功能的完善研究”（22CSH072）的阶段性成果。

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