关于“社会合作何以可能”的探讨有两种不同的进路。从集体利益角度看，在具备理性思维能力的前提下，在群体层面防止利益固化、开展利益协商、进行利益让渡和利益置换，是社会合作生成的关键所在。从集体意识角度看，集体意识凝聚程度以及超越集体意识的边界，对社会合作的生成至关紧要。马克思和涂尔干提出的各有侧重的“利益—意识”互动模式提醒我们，只有实现集体利益与集体意识的有机融合，才能维系良好的社会秩序。

There are two different approaches to the discussion of “how social cooperation is possible”. From the perspective of collective interests, the ability to prevent the solidification of interests, negotiate interests, and transfer and exchange interests at the group level is crucial to the generation of social cooperation, provided that the ability to think rationally is present. From the perspective of collective consciousness, the degree of cohesion of collective consciousness and the ability to transcend the boundaries of collective consciousness are crucial to the generation of social cooperation. The “interestconsciousness” interaction model proposed by Marx and Durkheim reminds us that only through the organic integration of collective interests and collective consciousness can a good social order be maintained.

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