伴随着工业化和城市化，乡村衰落成为全球的普遍性现象，尽管不同国家乡村衰落的表现不尽相同，但是人口加速外流和乡村社会生活的解体则是共同的特征。由于历史和现实的原因，中国的乡村在20世纪中叶以后具有更鲜明的特色，处于重要的发展时期，这为乡村振兴提供了可能并规定了中国乡村的路径。中国较高的城市化率与大量农村居民并存以及经济的高速增长为乡村振兴提供了机遇；农户承包集体所有土地的土地制度、工业化和城市化过程中与乡土社会的密切联系，以及政府主导和政府的执行能力为乡村振兴提供了可能。中国乡村振兴要弱化城乡过度分工所带来的弊端，促进城乡融合；发挥小农户的优势，避免乡村人口的加速流失；在产业兴旺的基础上，打造宜居乡村。

Along with industrialization and urbanization, rural decline has become a common phenomenon worldwide, which presents different characteristics in developing and developed countries. Due to historical and practical reasons, China’s rural revitalization needs to take a development path that is different from both developing countries and developed Western countries. China’s high urbanization rate coexisting with a large rural population and high economic growth provides opportunities for rural revitalization; the land system of collective ownership and contract farming, the close connection to the rural society in the process of industrialization and urbanization, and the government-led implementation capacity provide possibilities for rural revitalization with Chinese Characteristics.

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