研究生育对我国男女工资收入的影响及其变动趋势，对于理解和应对不断扩大的男女工资差距和持续下降的生育率都有重要意义。通过对1989-2015年CHNS数据的深入分析,本研究发现,在20世纪80年代末,生育对我国男性工资有显著的积极影响,而对女性工资的负面影响却并不显著。随着时间的推移,生育对男性的工资溢价效应不断减小,对女性的工资惩罚则以更快的速度加大,男女工资差距不断拉大。1992年深化改革以来市场部门的扩大是导致生育对女性的工资惩罚随时间快速加大的重要原因。

Investigating the impact of fertility on the wage earnings of men and women and its trends is important for understanding and coping with both the widening gender wage gap and the continuously declining fertility rate in China. Through an in-depth analysis of China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1989 to 2015, the study finds that in the late 1980s, fertility had a significant positive impact on the wage earnings of men in China, while the negative impact on women’s wages was not significant. Over time, the fatherhood wage premium has been declining, while the motherhood wage penalty has been rising at a faster rate, and the gender wage gap has been widening. The expansion of the market sector in China since the deepening of reforms in 1992 is an important reason for the rapid increase of motherhood wage penalty.

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