全面建成小康社会的过程，既是定居化社会向迁居化社会的转型过程，也是熟人社区向陌生人社区转型和社区治理结构从“单位办社会”向“居委会办社会”转型的过程。社区的实体结构与治理结构发生了重大变化：在政府以组织建设从供给侧自上而下形塑社区“理想型”的同时，居民也通过需求侧的“民主协商”建构其预期的“理想型”。社区以居委会为主体，通过与环境互动形成自身的利益结构。这些因素的动态博弈不断形塑社区的“营造”动力，使之呈现出治理方式的科层化、社区类型的多元化、社区居民的异质化、治理经费的财政化等特征，形成了“强他治”与“弱自治”。为平衡各方需求，就需要在强调组织化和秩序化的同时，较好地平衡“他治”与“自治”力量，培植“社会协同”和“民主协商”参与渠道，尽快建成“社区办社会”的治理格局，建设与新发展阶段相适应的共建共治共享治理体系。

The process of building a well-off society involves transforming from a settled society to a relocated society, from an acquaintance community to a stranger community, as well as from danwei-run society to community-run society. Based on this process, the entity structure of the community and the governance structure of the community have changed greatly. While the government shapes the “ideal type” of the community from the supply side of the  construction, community residents also construct the “ideal type” of the community through “democratic consultation”. The community forms its own organizational structure in the interaction with the environment. The diachronic dynamics of various forces puts the community in the process of building from a “realistic type” to an “ideal type”, manifesting characteristics of a bureaucratic governance structure, diversified community genres, heterogenous community residents, the financialization of governance funds, etc. This process results in the co-presence of “strong governance” and “weak autonomy”. To meet the needs of all interest groups, eliminate conflicts and stimulate vitality, it is necessary to balance the forces of “heteronomy” and “autonomy”, and cultivate legal channels for the “society” to participate in governance.  

本文受2020年中国社会科学院重大课题“国家治理体系和治理能力现代化研究”的支持。

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