Household Income, Wealth and Status Identification Among Chinese Adults

本文在绝对地位和相对地位的视角下探讨了家庭收入和家庭资产对城乡居民地位认同的影响。研究发现，首先，收入和资产对地位认同具有显著的正效应；其次，收入和资产在居住社区中的相对位置（即相对收入和相对资产）对地位认同具有显著的正效应，但该效应仅存在于农村社区；最后，在不平等程度越高的社区，收入和资产对地位认同的正效应越小，但该规律也仅存在于农村社区。本文据此提出了“地位认同的社会情境性”命题，指出地位认同的建构附着于具体的社会情境中。与城市社区不同，农村社区人际关系紧密、心理边界清晰，其中的社区成员是有效的参考群体，可以通过相对地位机制影响地位认同。

Based on considerations of absolute and relative position in social hierarchy, this paper finds that household wealth, as well as income, has a significant positive effect on individual’s status identification. Detailed comparisons between the urban and rural subsamples reveal that people in rural areas regard community members as their main reference group whereas urban residents do not. As a result, the subjective status identities of rural residents are largely determined by their relative position in the distribution of household income or wealth in the community. Moreover, household income and wealth tend to have a much weaker effect on status identification in highly unequal rural communities compared to ones that are more economically equal. According to these findings, the author proposes the “social contextuality of status identification” to emphasize the importance of social context in the formation of status identity.

黄超

本文是国家社会科学基金重点项目“中产阶层生活状况和社会态度研究”（19ASH007）的阶段性成果。

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