Enterprise Union, Regional Institutions and Salary Level in Private Enterprises

本研究借鉴制度社会学理论，论证中国企业工会有助于提升民营企业的工资率，并强调企业工会的这一作用受其所在地区的两大制度环境因素影响，即政府的自主性和法制水平。研究指出，地方政府的自主性越强，越有意愿和能力推动绩效目标，从而促使工会协助工人更多地服从企业和地方经济的发展目标；另一方面，法制发展为工人运用法律进行个体维权提供了更多的合法机会，加强了工人对司法机构的信任，因此法律维权在一定程度上会替代工会维权。基于2012年全国民营企业调查数据，本研究验证了这些假设。本研究推进了对于影响企业工会作用的制度机制的分析。

Drawing upon institutional theories, this research demonstrates that the enterprise union is helpful in improving employee salary among private firms. It further demonstrates that two institutional factors at the regional level moderate enterprise union’s impact on employees’ benefits through different mechanisms. One is the autonomy of local government, and the other is the legal environment. More autonomous local governments have stronger incentive and more capacity to pursue the performance goal, as a result pushing the unions within its jurisdiction to coordinate workers to work for the objective of economic development. The legal environment provides workers with more legal opportunities to protect their rights on an individual basis, thus strengthening the workers’ trust of the legal institutions. In this case, the law often works in place of the union. Based on a national survey of private enterprises conducted in 2012, the findings of our study support the above hypotheses. This study advances the institutional analysis of enterprise union’s effect.

陈宗仕、张建君

本文得到国家社会科学基金项目“企业社会责任的制度社会学分析研究”（15BSH106）和国家自然科学基金项目“高管团队内的权力差距与公司绩效的关系及其作用机制研究”(71572003)的资助。

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