Chinese Social Policy in the New Era：Characteristics and Future Trends

2012年中央经济工作会议提出“守住底线、突出重点、完善制度、引导舆论”的民生工作新思路。这标志着中国社会政策由碎片化、均等化和追求全方位推进的时期，进入整体性、系统性、协同性并强调共建共享的新时期。本文首先探讨这个思路的形成过程和特点，并分析其中蕴含的相关理念及其形成过程中的国际、国内现实基础。进而根据近年来国内外社会发展的经验和教训，说明我国践行新时代社会政策的效果，并结合现阶段经济社会的主要结构性矛盾和新产业革命的需要，提出社会政策仍然要坚持问题导向和共建共享的思路。最后，本文对未来社会政策提出展望和建议，提出在共建共享的基础上，应当进一步发挥社会、雇主、家庭和个人等多方角色的作用，并把这些作用与政府角色有机结合起来。从政策领域来看，需要重点关注就业促进、教育、医疗卫生等社会投资性领域，同时使低保、公共养老金等社会消费更趋合理。在分类完善社会政策各领域关键环节的政策措施的同时，兼顾政策适应性和协调性。

In 2012, the Central Economic Work Conference of China put forward a set of new principles for improving people’s livelihoods, which includes “ensuring the bottom line, focusing on the key issues, refining the systems, and influencing public opinions”. A new era begins in which the social policy in China shifted from a highly fragmented system which pursued equality in all different directions to a system that stresses holistic, systematic and coordinated policy design and implementation and encourages co-production. This article first outlined the timelines for shaping the principles and the key characteristics, and then discusses the underlying international and domestic circumstances from which the principles emerged and evolved. After a summary of the outcomes since 2012, this paper moves on to discuss the structural issues that China must face and the demand of the on-going industrial revolution. For the future, the authors propose, social policies should stick to issue-based and co-productive approaches. The society, employers, families and individuals should all be encouraged to play their roles and combined effectively with the role of the state. It is essential to further social investment policies such as job creation, education, healthcare and so forth, and at the same time modify social consumptions, such as minimum income guarantee and social pensions to make them fairer. While improving policies in individual sectors, it is also vital to improve the adaptability of policies and coordinate different policies.

贡森、李秉勤

欢迎阅读《社会学研究》！您是该文第3935位读者！