China’s 40 Years of Poverty Reduction: An Exploratory Account from Historical and Sociological Perspectives

中国四十年的减贫之路一方面是具有普遍性意义的经济社会转型的突出成就，另一方面也是在中国特色的国家、市场和社会的交织互动模式驱动下，贫困人口把握发展机会、走出贫困的独特发展叙事。这一过程凸显了中国共产党“初心”理念的主导作用，也显示了改革开放条件下经济发展对于减贫的重要作用。中国四十年的减贫之路是在经济社会发展与国家主导的扶贫行动共同推动下，在中国特有的“家国”世界观和乡村社会关系条件下发生的农村贫困人口社会意义的再生产过程。这一过程体现了现代性、小农生产方式和乡村社会关系的交织作用。小农生产方式和乡村社会关系与中国特有的政治文化共同构成了中国四十年减贫的政治社会机制的假设。中国四十年的减贫既是具有一般性意义的发展故事，也是凝聚着中国政治、社会、文化特色的中国智慧和中国方案在当代发展实践中的典型呈现。

China’s poverty reduction in the past 40 years since the start of its “reform and opening-up” is not merely an achievement during its economic and social transformation that have universal significance, but also a narrative of the poor capturing development opportunities, driven by interactions of state, market and society with Chinese characteristics. This process reflects a dominant role of the “original aspiration” of the Chinese Communist Party, and critical impact of economic development on poverty reduction. Specifically, China’s 40 years poverty reduction is a reproduction process of the social meaning of poverty, which is jointly driven by economic and social development, and state-dominated poverty reduction efforts in the context of China’s special “family-state” world view and rural social relations. Modernity, small-holder farming and rural social network have intertwined effects on this process. The authors thus argue the small-holder production, rural social relations and China-specific political culture together form the political and social basis for China’s success in its 40-year poverty reduction. In conclusion, this 40-year process is a development story of universal significance, as well as a typical expression of Chinese wisdom and plans with China-specific political, social and cultural characteristics.

李小云、徐进、于乐荣

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