Public Concerns about Social Stratification in China：An Empirical Analysis Based on Cultural Big Data (1949-2008)

本文利用谷歌图书的汉语书籍语料库和其他宏观经济社会数据，考察并分析了1949-2008年中国公共话语中有关社会结构的话语定义的变迁模式及其影响机制。研究发现，改革开放以来，由官方意识形态建构的“阶级”话语在社会分层的话语体系中逐渐消退，而以公众为面向的“阶层”话语在公共话语中的重要性不断提升。本文利用主成分分析法生成阶层关注度指数，并与宏观经济和政治指标等时间序列进行格兰杰因果关系检验，结果表明：改革以来，公众对阶层问题的关注度受到来自国民经济的总体走势、收入差距及政治参与程度的影响；收入不平等因素比宏观经济指标更能够影响民众对阶层议题的关注；官方舆论导向并不对民众的阶层关注度构成影响，但反过来受到民众阶层关注度的影响。本文为基于个体样本的传统主观阶层研究提供了大历史跨度和宏观层次的验证。

Using the Chinese corpus in “Google Books”, which contains 300000 books and 26.9 billion words, together with other macroscopic economic and social data, this paper tries to explore how the perception of Chinese changes from 1949 to 2008 and find the mechanism inside. The section of data description shows that the discourse of “class”（jieji）has been reducing since the beginning of reform and opening up, while the public attention to stratification (jieceng) has been increasing. Furthermore, we use the method of Principal Component Analysis to create an index measuring the public concerns about stratification (LC), and establish the casualty between LC and other time series of economic and political indicators through the statistical method of Granger Causality Test. The result shows: (1) As the reform and opening up in China proceeds, the ascending level of LC depends on the increasing trend of soaring national economy, widening income gap and active political participation. (2) Income inequality is more influential in the two macroeconomic indicators. (3) The direction of the official opinion does not exert critically permanent impact on the public attention to issues with respect to the social stratification, but in turn is affected by the latter. This study provides a great historical span and macro-level verification for traditional subjective research on social stratification based on individual samples.

柳建坤、陈云松

本研究获得2016年国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国民众主观阶层的结构特征和动力机制”（项目号：16BSH011）的支持。

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