Institution, Actors and Choices of Action: Observation from the Women’s Federation Reform in City L

妇联在2015年前的改革中出现“钟摆”现象，有时主要像党政部门一样工作，有时又向社会组织趋近。从历史文献和田野工作的角度看，这是因为妇联在制度变迁过程中采取以保持妇联机构和干部既有地位为中轴的、波动式的有限改革策略，在政策导向强调妇联政治先进性和担当桥梁纽带时，注重承揽党政部门业务，其结果是与党政机关的区别变得日益模糊；而在政策导向强调向枢纽型社会组织转型时，他们则愿意增加社会组织的功用和色彩，但却抵御完全转型为社会组织，结果只是趋近后者。所以，过往中的“钟摆”既是制度安排以及上级改革指令的阶段性变化使然，也是妇联干部群体的行动使然。妇联今后的改革需要同时从制度与行动者两个方面寻找方向。

The Women’s Federation presented itself as a pendulum in the past reform before 2015. It sometimes worked as a party or government organ, and sometimes as social organizations. The reason was that people working at the Federation increasingly adopted the position of cadre-type professional intermediaries. The limited reform preserved the existence of the Federation and the existing position of cadres in the institution. Emphasizing its political advantage and bridging function, the Federation was willing to undertake tasks assigned by the party and government, which reduced the difference between the Federation and the latter. On the other hand, as the policy emphasized on the transition into a social organization, the Federation enhanced its functions as a social organization. It, however, resisted turning into a complete social organization, but only resembling it. Thus the pendulum in the past reform was the result of the coupling effect of both the institution and actors. That is, it was caused not merely by institutional arrangements and periodical change of orders from above, but also by the collective actions of the cadre group in the Federation. Thus, the future reform of the Federation should proceed from both the institution and actions.

毛丹、陈佳俊

本文为国家社科基金重点项目“社会建设中的政府规制研究”（11ASH005）、浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地课题“多重制度逻辑下的中国群团组织转型研究——以浙江省为例”（14JDDF02Z）的研究成果。

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