The Social Logics of the Traditional Chinese Welfare Practices

传统中国福利实践中的福、命、报等观念，不是自在的象征系统，而是作为融生产性与榨取性为一体的文化，渗透于社仓、义庄、义冢、善堂等福利制度的再生产过程中。因此，作为观念形态的象征文化，恰恰是汉人社会基本联结的粘合剂，其生产性和榨取性力量的结合，正是传统中国福利实践的“社会逻辑”。以福、命、报等基本社会范畴为中心的一整套象征体系，将土地权的超经济强制、国家通过贡赋过度汲取农业剩余、融赢利型经纪和保护型经纪为一体的乡绅支配、以“份”为制度形态的诸种地方公共福利实践都整合为一种社会本体论意义上的支配模式，即象征支配。

In the late Imperial China, “Fu”, “Ming”and “Bao”, constituted not a symbolic system, but penetrated into the institution of shecang, yizhuang, yizhong and shantang as an aggregation of exploitation and production in the process of social reproduction. As symbols of cultural ideology, they were basic binders of the Chinese society. Therefore, they constitute the social logic of the traditional Chinese welfare practice. As a set of symbolic system, “Fu”, “Ming”, “Bao” and other social notions had integrated the rights of land in economic coercion, the tributary country, and the gentries into the system of symbolic domination.

张佩国

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