在农业劳动力大量外出、农村人口老龄化和村庄日益空心化的背景下，农业转型和农业现代化存在着现实合理性。资本下乡一方面发展迅速，另一方面也遭遇到各种问题。本文将资本下乡置于“外来”资本与乡土社会的结构中考察，发现在资本下乡的过程中，“外来”资本虽然会遭遇由农业产业特殊性所带来的经营管理方面的问题，但这些问题可以通过乡土性的社会资源得到部分解决。真正“无法克服”的难题是“外来”资本与乡土社会互动不畅，这是由工商资本的“外来性”所导致，并且很难在短时间内克服，从而展现出一个“外来”资本与乡土社会长期互动和形塑的过程。

Against the backdrop of rural labor emigration, the aging rural population, and the “hollowing-out” of villages, agricultural modernization is practically necessary. On the one hand, the phenomenon of “capital going to the countryside” is growing rapidly. On the other hand, the urban corporations investing in agriculture are encountered with various problems. This study analyzes the phenomenon of “capital going to the countryside” in the context of China’s rural society, and finds out that the managerial problems of these corporations “from outside” can be partially solved by mobilizing social resources in the rural society. However, the “unsolvable” problem is the mis-match between the rural society and the business culture of these corporations, who are considered outsiders. This dilemma will likely to exist for a long time, during which the capital “from outside” and the rural society will continue to interact with and shape each other.

徐宗阳

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