Shame and Face: A miss is as good as a mile

本尼迪克特在《菊与刀》中提出的耻感文化与罪感文化引发了很大的争议，也触动了国民性研究的方法本身。许多学者都把耻感文化看作解释中国人与日本人的重要概念,虽试图有所区分，但均未有理论建树。本文试图摆脱国民性研究的困境，从社会规则入手，借助作者亲身经历的事例，以社会学的想象力，在中国人脸面异质理论的基础上对耻感文化为何造成了中国人与日本人的不同行动逻辑进行了深入的分析，并试图建立起研究耻感文化内在差异的模式，与此同时，也在视角和方法上对总体性、比较性、亲和性、社会规则及社会容忍度等概念进行了一定的探讨，为事例如何上升为有效的解释性典范提出了探索性的思路。

The concepts of guilt culture and shame culture presented by Ruth Benedict in The Chrysanthemum and the Sword sparked a great deal of controversy, and even touched on the nation-based research method itself.Many scholars regard shame culture as an important concept for explaining Chinese and Japanese behavior, but they have yet to make any theoretical contributions.This paper attempts to resolve the predicaments presented by nation-based studies, starting from the perspective of social rules and drawing from the author’s personal experiences in Japan.Utilizing the sociological imagination and the basis of the Chinese heterogeneous theory of face (lianmian), this paper attempts to engage in deep analysis of how shame culture creates working logics that vary between the Chinese and Japanese, as well as formulate a research model for the disparities between shame cultures.At the same time, this paper seeks to explore totality, relativity, affinity, social rules, social tolerance, and other concepts, from a sociological perspective and method, in an effort to propose exploratory ideas for improving the effectiveness of the explanatory model.

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