Family, Institutional Patronage and Work-family Conflict: Women’s employment status and subjective well-being in urban China

本研究探讨城镇女性的就业状态及其与主观幸福感间的关系。基于当前城镇地区国有部门（体制内）和非国有部门（体制外）二元分割的劳动力市场结构，本文将城镇女性分为体制内就业、体制外就业和不就业三类群体，探讨群体间主观幸福感的差异及其解释机制。通过分析“2013年中国综合社会调查数据”，本研究发现：已婚而且家庭经济状况较好的女性更可能不参与劳动力市场；在体制内就业的女性的平均工作时间远低于在体制外就业的女性；不就业的女性和在体制内就业的女性的主观幸福感水平均高于在体制外就业的女性。借鉴社会学的新制度主义理论，本文提出“家庭庇护”、“体制庇护”和“工作家庭冲突”三个机制来解释以上经验发现。本研究的结果表明，理解和解释女性的就业状态与主观幸福感需要充分考虑当前城镇地区劳动力市场结构及与之相关的宏观制度环境。

This paper concerns how the institutional structure in urban China shapes womens life by investigating the relationship between women’s employment status and their subjective wellbeing.Based on the segmented labor market structure in urban China, we divide urban women into three groups, i.e., women working in the public sector, women working in the private sector, and women who are not in the labor market.Analyzing data from the 2013 Chinese General Social Survey, we find:(1)Married women and women in better family economic situation are more likely to stay out of the labor force;(2)Compared to women working in the public sector, women working in the private sector spend more hours in paid work per week;(3)Among the three groups, women working in the private sector have the lowest level of subjective wellbeing.Adopting the new institutionalist perspective, we propose three mechanisms, i.e., family patronage, institutional patronage, and workfamily conflict, for interpreting the empirical findings.Our research highlights how women’s employment and subjective wellbeing is affected by the institutional context and normative environment.

吴愈晓、王鹏、黄超

本文得到南京大学“登峰人才支持计划（B层次）”的经费支持。

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