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This article tries to understand the various meanings implied in social policies from the ang le of social policy practice in its histo rical development .It w ill reveal the o rigin of the definition of social policy as a plan for social action and welfare philosophy , and ex plo re the basic contents of the theory of social policy studies in its backg round , goals, contents, nature and belief , as well as methodology .The paper will demonstrate the role of the government , market and the third sector in deciding the nature of social policy or , the distribution of social resources throug h the history of rise , decline and rise again of the third sector in Europe and America during the century . In view of the fact that there is a difference in perception in decision-making and the making of a national social policy , the decision making can only be a process of mutual adjustment and coordination .The social scientists participating in the process need to strengthen the ability of eng aging in the spreading of scientific view and methodology , to try their best to be coordinators among all forces .

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