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This is an empirical study .A systematic analy sis is made of the relationship betw een private enterprise ow ners and state actors as it evolves during the process of engaging in political participation .The evidence show s that the ow ners have not yet come to form , as a group , an independent political force .A major reason is that the formation of their interests, as well as the expression and realization , are heavily influenced by the political environment and system in w hich they must operate .Building on these empirical analy ses,I introduce and discuss tw o concepts :extra economic coercion and relational convenience.Political participation deriving from conditions of ex tra economic coercion is a very limited so rt of participation.In essence, it is a process of individuals attempting to derive the greatest benefits from the capital they have under their control.

李宝梁；

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