中国与韩国比邻相居 ,有着长久的历史和文化渊源。 19 世纪后半期,又几乎同时受到西方文明的“挑战”。从那时开始 ,两个国家都开始了痛苦而艰辛的社会转型进程, 即由经济上传统的农业文明国家,向现代工商业文明国家转型;由政治上专制集权的世袭政统 ,向具有现代意义的民主体制转型 。在这重大的历史变迁中 ,各自的社会结构也相应地发生了变化 ,也由此形成了各自的社会阶级与阶层的体系。因此 ,两个国家的社会阶级阶层的比较, 有助于学人们了解和感悟由传统走向现代化的路径。本文主要考察中国和韩国的民众的阶级意识的异同, 并借以分析两国阶级意识背后的社会结 构因素。

Basing on a comparison of social survey data came from the studies of social classes and stratification both in Korea and China , the article analysis the differences in social class structure and class consciousness between the two countries, and points out that social structure in Korea is more advanced than China in the modernization orientation as well as the class consciousness of its social members is more suite to their own objective class positions .Chinese society is just in transformation period and still lacks of a common discourse for expressing class member' s consciousness .In a laterdeveloped country the most important factor of class formation and class consciousness is the choice of development strategy by the guiding states .

李炜；

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