著名社会学家布迪厄(P.Bourdieu)认为:“社会学家和历史学家的职责在于对社会的运作进行科学 分析。法国一位科学哲学家加斯东·巴什拉(G .Bachelard)说过:‘科学必须发掘隐秘', 这就是说 ,既然 有一个研究社会的科学,它就不可避免地要发掘隐秘 ……”。本文所要发掘的隐秘就是基层社会的运作 。它通过对中国中部一个村计划生育中博弈的实地考察, 力图更好地发现当今中国国家与社会或国家与农民的关系 ,基层秩序的演变, 以及基层社会运作的模式 。

Based on the field work in Chen Village in the east plain of Henan Province , this paper presents an empirical research on the game in the process of family planning in rural China . It attempts to reveal the relationship between state and society or state and villagers, the evolution of local social order and pattern of local social operation through the macro and micro-analyses of the game in family planning in Chen Village .In micro-game analysis, the authers analyze the main means and strategies of game used by players .Based on the micro-analyses, the authers analyze the macro-game and try to clarify institutional change of family planning in the game and formalization of outcomes of games in past over 20 years .Four changes took place in the game of family planning in Chen Village(and neighboring areas). In the conclusion part , this paper puts forward the concept of “two-line-operating society” and finds the model of evolution of order .

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