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Through an analysis of the effects of out-for-work in a village in Guanzhuang , a natural village in the southeast of Henan province , the author focuses its study of “Nongmingong” on the sending place , and thinks it meaningful in learning of the process of civilization , although it is less concerned in the current study of “Nongmingong” . The author thinks subcontract of land is the key point to study the effects of out-for-work , and analyzes this issue as following :First , the peasants of Guanzhuang can be divided into three kinds :earthbound peasants, amphibian peasants and earth-free peasants, according to their roles in the practice of subcontract of land .Secondly , nowadays, earth-free peasants play as the main role in the effects of subcontract of land in Guanzhuang .Thirdly , can earth-bound peasants who rent others' land prominently increase their incomes depending on land , can earth-free peasants work more steadily in cities, and what is the future of the amphibian peasants ?

管兵；

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