Modern Individuals in Divine Society :On the relation between individual and society in Durkheim' s thoughts

个体与社会的关系是涂尔干社会理论的主要问题。他与亚当.斯密关于社会分工的争论充分展现了这一问题的复杂性。这场争论不仅揭示了社会分工的道德功能,也暴露了抽象社会的内在困境。本文认为涂尔干晚期关于宗教和个人主义的思想为解决这些困境提供了可能性,主要表现在两个方面。其一,涂尔干坚持认为社会只有通过物化、个人意识,以及象征性的自我表现,才能生成和保存。其二,他认为可以建构一种道德个人主义,以实现社会整合。本文从个体与社会的关系出发来阐释涂尔干的整个思想,目的不仅在于澄清他为现代社会提供的可能性,更在于澄清涂尔干的现代性问题。对我们来说,涂尔干所提出的问题本身比他所给出的答案更有意义。

In Durkheim' s social theory the relation between individual and society is the central problem , the complexity of which has been fully exhibited by his argument with Adam Smith .Their argument not only brings to light the moral functions of division of labour , but also reveals the inherent predicaments of abstract society .This article thinks that Durkheim' s later thoughts about religion and individualism provide some possibility for solving the predicaments.This lies in two aspects:on one hand, Durkheim insisted that society only exists and preserves through its materialization, individual consciousness and its symbolic self-represention;on the other hand, he claimed that social integration can be achieved by constructing a kind of moral individualism in modern society .This article explains Durkheim' s whole thoughts in regard to the relation between individual and society , not only to clarify the possibility he provides for modern society , but also to clarify his modernity problem .Thus, Durkheim' s problem is more of sense than his answer for us.

孙帅

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