Non-routine Action and Social Change :A new concept and topic

非常规行动就是在社会行动过程中"不按套路出牌",尽管它广泛地存在于社会生活中,但向来关注社会行动的社会学反而对此缺乏应有的敏感与把握。本文的目的是把非常规行动带回社会学的理论视野,讨论其生成、类型、形态、普遍化和常规化过程及其对社会变迁的意义。文章认为,当例行化程序和路径无法支持行动者的自主性欲求时,行动者将会筹划出新的行动程序和路径,借助非常规行动实现自主性欲求;就社会行动的规范性而言,非常规行动可分为规范的非常规行动和失范的非常规行动两种类型,不同的类型意味着不同社会遭遇和行动策略;非常规行动在初始形态上的个案性决定了它不足以导致宏观层面的社会变迁,但是它的普遍化和常规化过程将会带来行动程序和路径的"固定化",进而生成社会生活新规则(包括反规则、潜规则、损规则和益规则),新规则对旧规则的接替和促变构成了社会变迁的基本脉络。

Non-routine action refers to the phenomenon that some people do not behave according to certain routes in the course of social action.Although it is pervasive in social life , it has not received the due concern by sociology .The purpose of this paper is to bring back non-routine action to the theoretical field of sociology .It mainly discusses nonroutine

action' s formation, types, modes , the process of being pervasive and routine as well as its significance to social change .In the author' s opinion, when routine procedures and routes cannot meet the agents' own needs, the agents will resort to new action procedures and routes, which lead to non-routine action, to realize their needs.Nonroutine action could be divided into two categories:normative non-routine action and anomic non-routine action, each of which receives different social response and involves

different action strategies.The case nature entailed in the primary mode of non-routine

action decides that non-routine action is not adequate to cause social change at a macroscale

level;however , its process of being pervasive and routine may lead to stereotyped action procedures and routes, which may further lead to the formation of new rules (including anti-rule , beneficial rule , latent rule and harmful rule).That the new rules replace and gradually change old ones constitutes the fundamental route for social change .

张兆曙

国家社科基金项目的阶段性成果,项目编号(07CSH001)

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