Commerce and Morality: The social dimension in Adam Smiths theory

涂尔干为了诊治商业社会的道德疾患，力图接续斯密开创的理论传统，实际上也接续了卢梭与斯密之间的争论。在现代早期，围绕着商业与道德这一组矛盾，卢梭与斯密之间展开了一场潜在的思想争论。卢梭提出了商业社会所面对的道德危机。斯密则从道德、自然社会，以及宗教诸层面对商业与分工予以辩护，探讨了商业与分工的自然基础，为正在来临的商业社会探索新的道德基础，为传统的道德习俗注入新的精神与活力。“回到斯密”是涂尔干在面对现代危机时提供的线索，我们亦可从中获得深刻的启示，从而更清晰地理解现代社会的精神与基础。

In order to diagnose and cure the moral diseases of the commercial society, Durkheim inherited Adam Smiths theoretical tradition.He also inherited the debate between Rousseau and Smith, focusing on the conflicts between morality and commerce.Rousseau revealed the moral crisis confronted by the commercial society.In defense of the commercial society, Smith analyzed the natural foundation of commerce and labor division, from the perspectives of morality, natural society, and theology.In his work, Smith explored the new foundation for the burgeoning society of division(or commercial society), and rejuvenated the traditional moral customs.Enlightened by Durkheims insight of “going back to Smith”, we can better understand the moral and spiritual foundation of the modern society, and correct misunderstandings about the theoretical relation between Durkheim and Smith.

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