Lost at the Starting Line: A reconsideration on educational inequality in China (1978-2008) 

本文关注教育不平等状况在不同入学阶段的变化。本文认为，家庭社会经济地位、家庭文化背景对教育获得的影响将随着入学阶段(小升初阶段、中考阶段、高考阶段)的上升而降低，而学校等级的影响将升高，这是差异选拔、个体生命历程发展及早期异质教育三大机制共同作用的结果。本文采用CGSS2008数据，利用多元logistic回归模型检验了上述假设，结果显示：小升初阶段的不平等最为严重，随着入学阶段的提升，即在小学-初中-高中-大学的升学过程中，家庭社会经济地位与文化背景的影响逐渐被学校等级所取代。早期教育的公平问题必须得到更多重视。

The research is aimed to explore the change of educational inequality between different stages of school transitions in China. It is expected that, due to the mechanism of differential selection, life course and differential early education, the impact of students socio-economic status and cultural background on their educational opportunities is expected to decline in secondary and higher education, while the impact of school level is supposed to rise. A multinominal logistic regression has been carried out to test such hypothesis based on data collected in CGSS2008. Results show that the early stages see the most severe inequality of educational attainment and, as students move up to higher stages of education, the contribution of SES and cultural background is largely replaced by the school level. Therefore, more emphasis should be put on the educational inequality of an early stage.

唐俊超

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