Homeowners’Committees，Faction Politics and Local Governance: A study in a Shanghai neighborhood

肇始于20世纪90年代的中国城市房产改革,以及随之而来的业主委员会的大量设立给基层政治带来了很大冲击。基于对上海一个居民区中所有业主委员会发展状况长达8年的深入跟踪调研,本文检视了此类新兴市民组织的运作机制及其对城市基层治理的影响。研究发现,虽然这些市民组织的建立源自国家启动的正式制度变迁,但社区非正式社会网络也对其实际运作产生重要影响。就外部影响来说,业主委员会为业主参与基层政治提供了机会和平台,有利于增强其利益表达和聚合能力,扩大社区自主权。但就内部效应而言,这些市民组织所面临的各种局限和制约,尤其是相关各方对关系网络的过度利用,又可能导致和加剧少数既得利益业主精英排斥大众参与的寡头统治和准派系政治,进而有损于基层治理和社区民主。=

This article explores the dynamics of Homeowners’ Committees and their influence on urban local governance. The paper finds that， although the establishment of these associations was due to the formal institutional change which had been initiated by the state，their actual operation is affected by local social networks. As far as their“external”effects on the wider polity is concerned，the establishment of homeowners’ committees provides citizens opportunities and channels to participate in neighborhood politics and enhances interest articulation and interest aggregation， which in turn promotes community autonomy. Internally， however，the extensive deployment of informal networks within the associations may lead to the oligarchy of a few privileged citizens，the exclusion of other citizens and the formation of faction politics， undermining local governance and community democracy.

石发勇

教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助项目(教外司留[2009]1001号);上海市浦江人才计划(PJ00368)资助

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