A Study of the Social Capital Differencial between the Self-employed and the Employed

研究社会资本在地位获得模型中的地位和作用时有两个难点必须理清。一是社会资本的概念和测量问题,二是劳动力市场内的不同就业状态(例如自雇与受雇)是否会对不同方法测量到的当前社会资本的生成产生影响。这对于全面理解社会资本理论以及社会资本在地位获得模型中的作用非常重要。本研究论证了当前几类社会资本测量工具在设计原理和测量功能上存在不同,研究者可根据研究目的和测量情境来设计和使用恰当的测量工具。本研究使用2009年中国大城市社会网与求职调查中的广州数据,应用多个回归模型分析了通过三种方法测量到的“讨论网”社会资本、“拜年网”社会资本和“饭局网”社会资本在自雇者与受雇者两个群体间的差异。研究发现,首先,自雇者与受雇者的"讨论网"社会资本不存在差异；其次,相对于受雇者,自雇者更主动地去投资并拥有更多的“拜年网”社会资本和“饭局网”社会资本。

When analyzing the roles and effects of social capital in the processes of status attainment，it is essential to solve two puzzles． The first is about the conceptualization and measurement of social capital，and the second is to examine whether employment status ( e.g., the self-employed vs． the employed) has an effect on the creation of social capital measured by different instruments． This research reckons that the existing measuring instruments differ in terms of designing principles and functions and researchers need to adjust and adopt appropriate instrument based on research goals and measurement contexts． In addition，with three dimensions of social capital measured by different instruments，this study tries to examine whether there is a differential in social capital between the self-employed and the employed using the Job Searching and Network in Urban China ( Guangzhou，2009) data． Results show that，first of all，there is no significant difference in access to social capital embedded in core discussion network between the self-employed and the employed． Second，compared with the employed，the self-employment are more likely to invest and enjoy more social capital embedded in New Year greeting network and in social eating network.

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