Freedom and Order: The evolution of Western social management thoughts

本文从史论结合的角度阐述西方社会管理思想发展的基本脉络。在现代西方,社会管理经历了一个从自发到自觉的过程。它主要涉及社会控制、文化价值的内化,以及国家、市场和社会的互动。其宗旨是在推动国家理性和向善的同时,也促进社会成员向现代文明人和现代公民转变。因此,在某种意义上讲社会管理被认为是一种按现代性标准对人进行“规训”的过程和“文明进程”。而自由与秩序的适当平衡则是西方社会管理所追求的最高境界。

Combining history with theory，this article is aimed at elaborating the general development trajectory of Western social management thoughts． In the modern Western countries，social management has evolved from the spontaneous state to the self-conscious state． It mainly involves social control，the internalization of cultural values，and the interactions among the state，the market and the civil society． The mission of Western social management is to promote the good governance and the rationalization of the State，and at the same time facilitate the transition of social members to modern civilized man，rational man and modern citizens． Therefore，social management，to some extent，is regarded as a process in which people is“disciplined” and“civilized”according to standards of modernity． The proper balancing of freedom and order is the highest state of Western social management．

张旅平 赵立玮

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