From Ownership to Citizenship: Political participation in a community of middle-class migrants

本文通过对上海郊区某中产阶层移民社区的个案研究,试图回答下列问题:以“外来人口”为主体的中产阶层社区,其政治参与图景有何特点?户籍对中产阶层的政治参与有何影响?财富能否突破户籍制度对流动人口政治参与的限制?研究发现:(1)在城乡结合部,中产阶层的政治参与在很大程度上是由于公共服务的“洼地效应”；(2)年龄是比户籍更为重要的分野:无论本地居民还是外来人口,老年人更倾向于通过居委会参与公共生活,而年轻人更倾向于通过网络平台影响政府决策；(3)中产阶层的政治参与具有“业主能动主义”的特征,即主要围绕物业管理、公共设施和公共服务等“业主福利”而展开；(4)为维护业主福利,老年业主以社区为基础、采取了回旋余地较小的“依法抗争”,以失败告终；而年轻一代则以网络为平台、采取了更具妥协性的“结盟策略”,政府与网民的对话机制得以建立；(5)青年网民发起”选个邻居当代表“运动,标志着他们的诉求由业主福利向公民权利拓展。

Based on a case study in suburban Shanghai, this paper explores the following questions: what are the characteristics of homeowners ' political participation in the middle-class migrant community? How has hukou affected their political participation? Is it possible that middle-class migrants' wealth challenges the restrictions on civic engagement imposed by the hukou system? The results show that: (l) in rural-urban fringe zone, the political participation of middle class to a great extent is due to the low-lying land effect of public service; (2) age, rather than hukou, is the most important dividing line: for both locals and migrants, the aged prefer engaging public affairs via neighborhood committee, while the young lends to affect public policy through the internet; (3) the political participation of middle class is characterized by "homeowner activism", centered around "homeowners' well-being, such as property management, communal facilities, public service, etc.; (4) in order to protect their well-being, the aged homeowners apply the strategy of "rightful resistance" base on community, with less leeway this strategy always ends with failure; however, the young homeowners adopt the more compromising "alliance strategy" with the assistance of internet, and finally establish the dialogue mechanism between the government and internet users; (5) the young launch a movement called "elect a neighbor to be your representative ", which means the expansion of their appeal from homeowners' well-being to civil rights.

国家社科基金青年项目“大中城市新移民的社会融合与政治心理抽样调查研究”(批准号10CZZ005)的阶段性研究成果

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