How Do Peasants Understand the Property Rights of Collective Land? A case study of River village land expropriation in Northern China

本文通过对华北某村三起土地征收案例的分析,讨论农民对集体土地产权的认知。农民的土地认知有如下内容:土地所有权属于国家,集体和个体同时享有土地支配权；国家有需要时可以在征求农民意见的基础上征收土地,但是在使用后应将土地归还给农民或者至少在处置时征求农民意见。这一认知与国家现有政策法规不相吻合,认知的形成则与新中国建国以来的独特历史进程紧密相关。农民的土地认知对中国土地制度变革具有重要参考意义,制度改革应当沿着尊重农民土地权利的方向进行。

Based on three cases of land expropriation in a Northern China village, this paper tries to examine the peasants' cognition of the property rights of collective land. The author finds that the peasants' land cognition has the following elements; the ownership of land belongs to the state, meanwhile, collectives (villages) and individuals (peasants) have full authority to dispose the land; when needed, the state can levy land with the consent from peasants, however, after the use term is terminated, the state should return the land to peasants, or at least ask for their opinions when dealing with it. This cognition does not match the existing policies and regulations of the Chinese government, and the formation of this cognition is closely related to the unique historical process since the foundation of the new China. Peasants' cognition of land has important implications for China's land system reform, and the reform should be carried out along the direction of respecting peasants' land rights.

中国社会科学院社会学研究所创新工程研究项目“农村公共事务治理研究”；国家社科基金青年项目“梁漱溟与费孝通乡土重建思想比较研究”(批准号:13CSH003)资助

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