Policy Entrepreneur and Social Policy Innovation

不断推动地方政策创新并将成功经验推广是改革开放以来我国政策制定的显著特征。既有研究较好地解释了地方政府为什么要及为什么可能创新,但关注创新理念产生、被政策参与者接受并最终成为政策实践的过程研究相对较少。本文以南国市医保政策创新为例,运用政策企业家理论分析了中国地方政府的政策创新过程,尤其关注创新过程中的关键主体及其互动。研究发现,为提升组织地位,争取更多的行政资源,行政官僚在创新过程中扮演了政策企业家角色。凭借知识和技术专长,他们不仅构建政策议题、提出创新理念、设计政策方案,还通过营销、结盟、制造政绩等策略来获得其他政策参与者尤其是地方领导人的认可和支持,从而推动政策创新的形成和持续发展。 

Promoting local policy innovations and transferring successful experiences to higher or even national level have been one of the distinctive features of policy making in transitional China. Most existing researches focus on exploring how and why these innovations could happen, while the innovation process, consisting of initiation of new idea, formulation of new program and decision-making to adopt it, has been largely neglected. By using health insurance reform practice in Nanguo city as an illustrative case, this paper examines the policy process of social policy innovation with an emphasis on the key policy actors and their interactions. In order to promote the hierarchical rank and search for more resources, bureaucrats in Nanguo Social Security Department play the roles of crucial policy entrepreneur. In the innovation process, they not only frame the policy issue, create innovative ideas and formulate workable programs, but also take various strategies such as policy framing, building up supporting coalitions, and implementing policy experiments, to convince major policy actors especially local leaders to adopt the new initiatives and thus realize and sustain the policy innovation.

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