From Structural Reductionism to Relational Realism: The historical social science of Charles Tilly

查尔斯·蒂利长达半个世纪的学术研究映衬了美国社会学在过去50年的一对充满张力的核心概念:结构与能动。受巴灵顿·摩尔的影响,蒂利的早期研究具有浓厚的静态结构主义色彩,呈现出结构还原论的特点。中期的蒂利逐渐开始重视社会群体的历史能动性,并提出了“剧目”概念,但缺乏对应的理论工具。20世纪90年代社会科学的“文化转向”迫使蒂利重新审视自己的理论,重视社会关系对社会结构的形塑作用。晚年的蒂利以本体论上的关系实在论和方法论上的社会机制成功地将结构和能动之间的辩证关系加以理论化,这具体体现在他致力于系统阐述的“抗争剧目”理论上。

The academic career of Charles Tilly reflects the intricate dialectic of the twin concepts in American sociology: structure and agency. Influenced by Harrington Moore, Tilly's early research displayed strong structural bias and was characterized by structural reductionism. In the 1970s and 1980s, Tilly began to pay attention to the historical agency of social groups and introduced the notion of repertoire, but lacked proper theoretical tools. The cultural tum in the 1990s forced Tilly to reconsider his theory and emphasize the role of social relations in shaping social structure. Tilly finally successfully theorized the dialectical relationship between structure and agency through relational realism (ontologically) and social mechanisms (methodologically), which was illustrated by his systematic theory of contentious repertoires.

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