The History and Issue of the Western Constructionistic Sociology

与实证主义和实在论所主导的社会学思想相对立,在西方社会学的历史中存在着一股建构主义的思潮。其发展大致经历了三个阶段,即相对倾向于主体视角的早期阶段,后结构主义阶段,以及反对主客体二元论的阶段;充分体现了西方建构主义社会学在主客体二元论问题上的严重分歧。但尽管如此,它们还是不同程度地接受了相对主义的影响,从而共同反对绝对主义的形而上学。这表明西方社会学的建构主义思潮是由各种相似和差异所构成的复杂现象,揭示其中的历史纷争和理论意义、澄清其中所包含的矛盾和问题正是本文的意图所在。本文指出,如何走出笛卡尔的主客体二元论的阴影是建构主义社会学面对的一个重大挑战。

There was a stream of constructiomsm opposed to the positivistic and realistic sociology in the history of Western sociology. This stream contained three stages; the early stage which was inclined to subjective perspective, the stage of post-structuralism, and the stage opposed to the dualism of subject and object. The development of these stages reflected the serious divergence on the problem of dualism in Western constructionistic sociology. But they were all affected by the relativism in different degrees, and argued against the absolutistic metaphysics together. This means that the Western constructionistic sociology is composed of various inner similarities and differences. Our goal is to reveal its inner historical controversies and its theoretical meaning, and lay open the contradictions and issues in it. How to transcend Cartesian dualism is a big challenge that the constructionism must face.

郑震

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