From Subjects to Rules: Study on grassroots governance of traditional rural China

伴随着学界对皇权治理农村基层的有效性提出质疑,研究者开始以士绅为切入点来考察“在皇权无法深入农村基层时,究竟是谁在治理基层”的问题。这一对治理主体的探讨经历了从士绅到地方精英的拓展,形成了治理主体研究的“士绅”模式和“地方精英”模式。近年来部分研究者开始从治理规则的角度来把握传统中国农村基层治理的形态,本文将其称为“从主体到规则的转向”,即从注重“谁在治理”转向凸出“如何治理”。本文从韦伯的“中国命题”入手,以士绅研究和地方精英研究为基本线索,评述传统农村基层治理“主体研究”的演变历程,探讨“规则分析”的兴起及其与“主体研究”在研究预设、研究重心与逻辑、研究兴趣等方面存在的差异。

In recent years, some researchers have begun to grasp the condition of traditional Chinese rural grassroots governance from the perspective of governance rules. This paper started from Weber's concept of "Chinese proposition", using the research of country gentlemen and local elites as clues, reviewed the evolutional history of the "study on subject" in the research process of grassroots governance. It also explored the rising of the study on "rule analysis" and further discussed its differences with "study on subject" in aspect of research presupposition, focus and logic, study interest and etc.

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