Case Study on Extending Retirement Age Policy: Populism and elitism in the process of Chinese policy-making

学术界有关延迟退休年龄的讨论,既涉及男女是否同龄退休、又涉及分别延长男女退休年龄两个层面。然而,学术界对这一问题并没有形成共识。在此背景下,由于一些知识精英和政府官员借助媒体的推波助澜,使得这一问题不断发酵,并最终引发了激烈争论。延迟退休年龄之争的背后,隐藏着中国社会政策独特的决策模式,同时也将民粹主义与精英主义这一对古老而常新的概念重新推到人们眼前。事实上,延迟退休年龄的争论和政策出台,体现出中国社会政策制定的一般规律。本文通过对延迟退休年龄问题争论的梳理,提出社会政策的共识决策模型,得出以下几点结论:第一,权力精英最终决定政策出台；第二,民众意见部分影响决策；第三,(网络)民粹主义的福利权表达较为充分。

The academic discussion on extending retirement age relates to extension of retirement age for different genders. However, the academics have not achieved a consensus regarding this issue. In fact, the debate and promulgation of extending retirement of age policy not only puts populism and elitism, the two old and concepts in public view, but also reveals the general characteristics of Chinese policymaking: first, there is a path of "government offering issues-experts demonstrating-local pilot"; second, academic research can affect policy-making rapidly; third, there exists a compromise of policy makers and the public; fourth, the intellectual elites are playing an important role. Based on the debates of extending retirement age policy, the paper describes consensus model of policy-making, and draws conclusions as follow: first, the power elites decide policy formulation finally; second, public opinions influence policy decision partly; third, the public can voice out their welfare rights more fully.

韩克庆

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