Montesquieu's Society: A different attempt from the modem natural law tradition

面对近代以来目的论的自然秩序的瓦解，早起社会思想家们都在努力探索另一种可能的秩序。政体、民情、法律与人性诸因素如何相互配合，构成现代秩序的基础，是孟德斯鸠不断讨论的主题。本文认为，孟德斯鸠的 社会思想一方面继承现代自然法传统通过自然为社会生活提供确定性的努力，另一方面却不再诉诸人的本性，而是探究社会的本性，即社会各要素的整体关联。孟德斯鸠试图在这种关联中实现现代道德处境下的自由，而这恰恰 是社会学关心的原初问题。对孟德斯鸠“社会”概念的重新阐述，有助于重拾早期现代社会的实质问题，为理解当下政治与社会的种种问题提供某种线索。

Facing the breakdown of physical order of teleology in modern times, early thinkers were endeavoring to find another possible order for early modern society. The theme Montesquieu continued researching was the necessary relations of government, moeurs, law, human nature and other factors. This paper argues that on the one hand Montesquieu inherited the natural law as the supreme law for social life, on the other hand, he constantly explored the nature of society, namely the relations of all kinds of social factors, as the foundation of modern western autonomic society. Montesquieu held the belief that liberty consisted in the positive laws, which were based on the natural order of things, tinder the scrutiny of Montesquieu's Society, we can enhance our knowledge of the substantive issues of sociology, acquiring some clues for the nature of problems in today's society.

杨璐

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